Philipp Christen  .  Rolf Jaussi .  Roger Benoit

Biochemie und Molekularbiologie

Eine Einführung mit 40 Lerneinheiten




10   Translation: Übersetzung des Gens ins Phän


Inhaltsverzeichnis

Einführung Website

Merksätze

Kontrollfragen

10.1 Der genetische Code

10.2 Proteinsynthese, Übersicht

10.3 Bildung der Aminoacyl-tRNA

10.4 Initiation, Elongation, Termination

10.5 Hemmstoffe der Proteinsynthese

Weiterführende Literatur

Links

10.1 Der genetische Code

Genetischer Code (Wikipedia)

Genetic code (Scitable, Nature Education): Der genetische Code

Nucleic acids to amino acids: DNA specifies protein (Smith 2008, Nature Education 1(1):126): Vom genetischen Code zur Aminosäuresequenz

The genetic codes (National Library of Medicine (NLM); www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov): Ausnahmen im genetischen Code

10.2 Proteinsynthese, Übersicht

Translation - Proteinbiosynthese (STARK Verlag, YouTube)

Protein synthesis (ibiology.org): Vorlesung zur Proteinsynthese

Ribosome (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Übersicht zur Struktur und Funktion der Ribosomen

10.3 Bildung der Aminoacyl-tRNA

Korrekturmechanismen

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetasen

Transfer RNA (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Transfer-RNA

Crystal structure of yeast phenylalanine tRNA (Sussman et al. 1978, J. Mol. Biol. 123, 607-630, RCSB PDB): Struktur der Phenylalanin-tRNA von Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hefe)

Structure of E. coli glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with trnagln and ATP (Rould et al 1989, Science 246, 1135-1142, RCSB PDB): Struktur der Glutaminyl-tRNA-Synthetase von E. coli in Komplex mit Glutaminyl transfer-RNA und ATP

10.4 Initiation, Elongation, Termination

Ribosomes (bio.libretexts.org)

Elongation factors (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Elongationsfaktoren

The crystal structure of the 70S ribosome bound to EF-TU and tRNA (Schmeing et al. 2009, Science 326, 688-694, RCSB PDB): Struktur des 70S-Ribosom.EF-Tu.tRNA-Komplexes

10.5 Hemmstoffe der Proteinsynthese

List of antibiotics (Wikipedia): Liste von Antibiotika mit Angaben zu den Wirkungsmechanismen

Diphtherietoxin Struktur (Bennett eind Eisenberg 1994, Protein Sci; RCSB PDB)

Weiterführende Literatur

Kivenson et al. 2025, Science - "An archaeal genetic code with all TAG codons as pyrrolysine"

Worning and Ibarra-Chavez 2026, Trends Genet - "Gene sharing has stabilised the genetic code"

Lukes et al. 2025, Curr Biol - "Natural and artificial variations of the standard genetic code"

Pigula and Schultz 2024, Curr Opin Chem Biol - "Recent advances in the expanding genetic code"

Coller and Ignatova 2024, Nat Rev Drug Discov - "tRNA therapeutics for genetic diseases"

Bhatta et al. 2025, Nat Struct Mol Biol - "Molecular basis of human nuclear and mitochondrial tRNA 3' processing"

Morisaki et al. 2024, Annu Rev Biophys - "Translation dynamics of single mRNAs in live cells"

Ho et al. 2025, Lancet Microbe - "Antimicrobial resistance: a concise update"

Schaffrath and Brinkmann 2024, Trends Mol Med - "Diphthamide - a conserved modification of eEF2 with clinical relevance"

Kaduhr et al. 2025, FEBS Lett - "Diphthamide synthesis is linked to the eEF2-client chaperone machinery"

Bartalovitz et al. 2018, J Biol Chem - "Synonymous nucleotide modification of the KCNH2 gene affects both mRNA characteristics and translation of the encoded hERG ion channel"

Chen et al. 2017, Cell Res - "Heritable expansion of the genetic code in mouse and zebrafish"

Jackson et al. 2010, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol - "The mechanism of eukaryotic translation intitiation and principles of its regulation"

Scheper et al. 2007, Nat Rev Genet - "Translation matters: protein synthesis defects in inherited disease"

Hellen 2018, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol - "Translation termination and ribosome recycling in eukaryotes"

Cech 2000, Science - "The ribosome is a ribozyme"

Kohanski et al. 2010, Nat Rev Microbiol - "How antibiotics kill bacteria: from targets to networks"


Revision März 2026