Philipp Christen . Rolf Jaussi . Roger Benoit

	The discovery of lysosomes and autophagy (Castro-Obregon, S. 2010, Nature Education 3(9):49): Artikel zur Entdeckung der Lysosomen und Autophagie QF-DE of lysosome lumens show paracrystalline sheets (R. Allen, www5.pbrc.hawaii.edu): Gefrierätz-EM-Bild der Lysosomen von Paramecium multimicronucleatum Deep classification of a large cryo-EM dataset defines the conformational landscape of the 26S proteasome (Unverdorben et al. 2014, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: 5544, RCSB PDB): Struktur des 26S Proteasoms

18.2 Abbau der Aminosäuren: Weg des Stickstoffs

Introduction to nitrogen metabolism (the medicalbiochemistrypage.org): Stickstoffmetabolismus

Nitrogen metabolism (www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk): Stickstoff-Stoffwechsel

	Introduction to nitrogen metabolism (the medicalbiochemistrypage.org): Stickstoffmetabolismus Nitrogen metabolism (www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk): Stickstoff-Stoffwechsel

18.3 Abbau der Aminosäuren: Weg des Kohlenstoffs

Phenylalanine hydroxylase (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Phenylalaninhydroxylase

Butterfly dyes (wildflowerfinder.org.uk): Informationen zu verschiedenen Pterin-Verbindungen

Pterine und Tetrahydrobiopterin

Albinism (www.dnatube.com): Video zum Albinismus

Tyrosinase (YouTube): Animation zu Albinismus, Tyrosinase, Melaninsynthese, UV-Schutz, Braunfärbung pflanzlicher Nahrungsmittel

Understanding UVA and UVB (www.skincancer.org): Informationen zu UVA- und UVB-Strahlen

Polyamine (Wikipedia)

Tyrosinase (Wikipedia)

Inhibition of tyrosinase-induced enzymatic browning by sulfite and natural alternatives (Kuijpers): Hemmung der durch Tyrosinaseaktivität verursachten Braunfärbung pflanzlicher Nahrungsmittel

	Phenylalanine hydroxylase (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Phenylalaninhydroxylase Butterfly dyes (wildflowerfinder.org.uk): Informationen zu verschiedenen Pterin-Verbindungen Pterine und Tetrahydrobiopterin Albinism (www.dnatube.com): Video zum Albinismus Tyrosinase (YouTube): Animation zu Albinismus, Tyrosinase, Melaninsynthese, UV-Schutz, Braunfärbung pflanzlicher Nahrungsmittel Understanding UVA and UVB (www.skincancer.org): Informationen zu UVA- und UVB-Strahlen Polyamine (Wikipedia) Tyrosinase (Wikipedia) Inhibition of tyrosinase-induced enzymatic browning by sulfite and natural alternatives (Kuijpers): Hemmung der durch Tyrosinaseaktivität verursachten Braunfärbung pflanzlicher Nahrungsmittel

18.4 Störungen im Abbau von Aminosäuren

What is alkaptonuria (AKU)? (YouTube, Patrick Richter): Vorlesung zur Alkaptonurie

The incidence of alkaptonuria: A study in chemical individuality (Electronic scholarly publishing, www.esp.org, A.E. Garrod): Archibald E. Garrod zum Vorkommen von Alkaptonurie

What are common treatments for phenylketonuria (PKU)? (nichd.nih.gov): Kurzübersicht zu Behandlungsmethoden von Phenylketonurie

	What is alkaptonuria (AKU)? (YouTube, Patrick Richter): Vorlesung zur Alkaptonurie The incidence of alkaptonuria: A study in chemical individuality (Electronic scholarly publishing, www.esp.org, A.E. Garrod): Archibald E. Garrod zum Vorkommen von Alkaptonurie What are common treatments for phenylketonuria (PKU)? (nichd.nih.gov): Kurzübersicht zu Behandlungsmethoden von Phenylketonurie

18.5 Synthese der Aminosäuren

An evolutionary perspective on amino acids (Gutiérrez-Preciado et al. 2010, Nature Education, 3(9):29): Evolution der Biosynthese von Aminosäuren

Introduction to amino acid metabolism (Michael W. King, themedicalbiochemistrypage.org): Einführung zum Metabolismus der Aminosäuren

	An evolutionary perspective on amino acids (Gutiérrez-Preciado et al. 2010, Nature Education, 3(9):29): Evolution der Biosynthese von Aminosäuren Introduction to amino acid metabolism (Michael W. King, themedicalbiochemistrypage.org): Einführung zum Metabolismus der Aminosäuren

18.6 C₁-Stoffwechsel

One-carbon metabolism (Homo sapiens, WikiPathways Adriaens et al.): C₁-Stoffwechsel

Fluorouracil (chemocare.com)

Struktur und Funktion von Folsäure-Antagonisten

	One-carbon metabolism (Homo sapiens, WikiPathways Adriaens et al.): C₁-Stoffwechsel Fluorouracil (chemocare.com) Struktur und Funktion von Folsäure-Antagonisten

18.7 Synthese von Kreatin und Porphyrinen aus Aminosäuren

Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Porphyrie (www.porphyria.ch)

Porphyrie (Wikipedia)

	Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Porphyrie (www.porphyria.ch) Porphyrie (Wikipedia)

Weiterführende Literatur

	Maxwell et al. 2021, Science - "Ubiquitination is essential for recovery of cellular activities after heat shock" Wang and Zhang 2020, Nature - "Molecules in the blood of older people promote cancer spread" Makino et al. 2013, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol - "The RNA exosome and proteasome: common principles of degradation control" Adams 2003, Cancer Treat Rev - "The proteasome: structure, function, and role in the cell" Jung and Grune 2013, Redox Biol - "The proteasome and the degradation of oxidized proteins: Part I-structure of proteasomes" Nixon 2013, Nat Med - "The role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disease" Zhou 2004, Methods Mol Biol - "Determining protein half-lives" Toyama and Hetzer 2013, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol - "Protein homeostasis: live long, won't prosper" Mendes et al. 2014, Expert Opin Drug Discov - "Design and discovery of mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and their therapeutic applications" Erlandsen and Stevens 1999, Mol Genet Metab - "The structural basis of phenylketonuria" Wijnen et al. 2007, J Insect Physiol - "Colors and pterin pigmentation of pierid butterfly wings" Flydal and Martinez 2013, IUBMB Life - "Phenylalanine hydroxylase: function, structure, and regulation" Rush et al. 2014, Eur J Clin Nutr - "Vitamin B12: one carbon metabolism, fetal growth and programming for chronic disease" Mogk et al. 2007, Trends Cell Biol - "The N-end rule pathway for regulated proteolysis: prokaryotic and eukaryotic strategies" Varshavsky 2005, Trends Biochem Sci - "Regulated protein degradation" Randhawa et al. 2014, PLoS One - "Metabolic signature of sun exposed skin suggests catabolic pathway overweighs anabolic pathway" Brenner and Hearing 2008, Photochem Photobiol - "The protective role of melanin against UV damage in human skin" Pegg 2009, IUBMB Life - "Mammalian polyamine metabolism and function" Revision Juni 2024

Maxwell et al. 2021, Science - "Ubiquitination is essential for recovery of cellular activities after heat shock"

Wang and Zhang 2020, Nature - "Molecules in the blood of older people promote cancer spread"

Makino et al. 2013, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol - "The RNA exosome and proteasome: common principles of degradation control"

Adams 2003, Cancer Treat Rev - "The proteasome: structure, function, and role in the cell"

Jung and Grune 2013, Redox Biol - "The proteasome and the degradation of oxidized proteins: Part I-structure of proteasomes"

Nixon 2013, Nat Med - "The role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disease"

Zhou 2004, Methods Mol Biol - "Determining protein half-lives"

Toyama and Hetzer 2013, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol - "Protein homeostasis: live long, won't prosper"

Mendes et al. 2014, Expert Opin Drug Discov - "Design and discovery of mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and their therapeutic applications"

Erlandsen and Stevens 1999, Mol Genet Metab - "The structural basis of phenylketonuria"

Wijnen et al. 2007, J Insect Physiol - "Colors and pterin pigmentation of pierid butterfly wings"

Flydal and Martinez 2013, IUBMB Life - "Phenylalanine hydroxylase: function, structure, and regulation"