Philipp Christen . Rolf Jaussi . Roger Benoit

Biochemie und Molekularbiologie

Eine Einführung mit 40 Lerneinheiten

26 Stoffaustausch durch Membranen

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Einführung Website

Merksätze

Kontrollfragen

26.1 Grundsätzliches zum Membrantransport

26.2 Mechanismus der Na⁺/K⁺-Pumpe

26.3 Symport- und Antiport-Systeme

26.4 Passiver Transport, erleichterte Diffusion

26.5 Ionenkanäle, chemisches und elektrisches Membranpotenzial

26.6 Transzellulärer Transport

Weiterführende Literatur

Links

26.1 Grundsätzliches zum Membrantransport

Transporter classification database (www.tcdb.org, Saier Lab): Datenbank zur Einordnung von Transportern

Structure-function studies of the cytochrome b₆f complex (Cramer Lab, www.bio.purdue.edu): Studien zur Struktur und Funktion des Cytochrme b₆f Komplex

Photosystem II (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion

Membrane transport, animation (YouTube, Alila Medical Media)

	Transporter classification database (www.tcdb.org, Saier Lab): Datenbank zur Einordnung von Transportern Structure-function studies of the cytochrome b₆f complex (Cramer Lab, www.bio.purdue.edu): Studien zur Struktur und Funktion des Cytochrme b₆f Komplex Photosystem II (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion Membrane transport, animation (YouTube, Alila Medical Media)

26.2 Mechanismus der Na⁺/K⁺-Pumpe

Sodium-potassium pump (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Na⁺/K⁺-Pumpe

Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe (Wikipedia)

	Sodium-potassium pump (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion der Na⁺/K⁺-Pumpe Natrium-Kalium-Pumpe (Wikipedia)

26.3 Symport- und Antiport-Systeme

Membrantransport (Wikipedia)

A two-domain elevator mechanism for sodium/proton antiport (Lee et al 2013, Nature 501, 573-577): Videos zu den Konformationen des Natrium/Proton-Antiporters

X-ray structures of LeuT in substrate-free outward-open and apo inward-open states, supplementary movie (Krishnamurthy and Gouaux 2012, Nature 481, 469-474): Simulation der Öffnung und Schliessung des LeuT-Transporters (direct link to movie download)

	Membrantransport (Wikipedia) A two-domain elevator mechanism for sodium/proton antiport (Lee et al 2013, Nature 501, 573-577): Videos zu den Konformationen des Natrium/Proton-Antiporters X-ray structures of LeuT in substrate-free outward-open and apo inward-open states, supplementary movie (Krishnamurthy and Gouaux 2012, Nature 481, 469-474): Simulation der Öffnung und Schliessung des LeuT-Transporters (direct link to movie download)

26.4 Passiver Transport, erleichterte Diffusion

Function and structure of OmpF porin (www.bio.davidson.edu): Funktion und Struktur des Porins OmpF

Bacterial porin simulation (VPAC, eresearchvictoria, YouTube): Simulation eines bakteriellen Porins in der Membran

Structure of porin refined at 1.8 Å resolution (Weiss and Schulz 1992, J Mol Biol 227, 493-509; RCSB PDB): 3D-Struktur eines Porin-Trimers

Ionophore (Wikipedia): Ionophoren

Ionophores (www.reference.md): Liste von Ionophoren

Structure, dynamics, and function of aquaporins (Theoretical and computational biophysics group, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign): Übersicht zur Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik der Aquaporine mit Animation (Eines der Wassermoleküle ist gelb markiert. Es durchquert die Membran in 12 ns; d.h. pro Sekunde passieren 10⁸ H₂O-Moleküle den Kanal.)

	Function and structure of OmpF porin (www.bio.davidson.edu): Funktion und Struktur des Porins OmpF Bacterial porin simulation (VPAC, eresearchvictoria, YouTube): Simulation eines bakteriellen Porins in der Membran Structure of porin refined at 1.8 Å resolution (Weiss and Schulz 1992, J Mol Biol 227, 493-509; RCSB PDB): 3D-Struktur eines Porin-Trimers Ionophore (Wikipedia): Ionophoren Ionophores (www.reference.md): Liste von Ionophoren Structure, dynamics, and function of aquaporins (Theoretical and computational biophysics group, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign): Übersicht zur Struktur, Funktion und Dynamik der Aquaporine mit Animation (Eines der Wassermoleküle ist gelb markiert. Es durchquert die Membran in 12 ns; d.h. pro Sekunde passieren 10⁸ H₂O-Moleküle den Kanal.)

26.5 Ionenkanäle, chemisches und elektrisches Membranpotenzial

Ion channel (Scitable, Nature Education): Ionenkanäle

Ion channel (euplotes, YouTube): Animation zur Struktur eines Kalium-Ionenkanals

Calcium pump (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion

Potassium channels (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion

	Ion channel (Scitable, Nature Education): Ionenkanäle Ion channel (euplotes, YouTube): Animation zur Struktur eines Kalium-Ionenkanals Calcium pump (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion Potassium channels (David S. Goodsell, RCSB PDB): Struktur und Funktion

26.6 Transzellulärer Transport

The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO): A new endothelial cell permeability organelle, Figures (Dvorak and Feng 2001, J Histochem Cytochem 49, 419-431): EM-Bilder von vesikulo-vaskulären Organellen

Transcytosis (geeksforgeeks.org)

	The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO): A new endothelial cell permeability organelle, Figures (Dvorak and Feng 2001, J Histochem Cytochem 49, 419-431): EM-Bilder von vesikulo-vaskulären Organellen Transcytosis (geeksforgeeks.org)

Weiterführende Literatur

	Tempelaars et al 2011, Appl Environ Microbiol - "Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activities of valinomycin and cereulide, the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin" Ashcroft et al 2009, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci - "Introduction. The blurred boundary between channels and transporters" Karlish et al. 2008, Weizmann Institute of Science - "The sodium-potassium pump: structure, function, regulation and pharmacology" (Direct link) Kanai et al. 2014, Nature - "Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase preceding the E1P state" Nyblom et al. 2013, Science - "Crystal structure of Na⁺, K⁽⁺⁾-ATPase in the Na⁽⁺⁾-bound state" Morth et al. 2007, Nature - "Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump" Zhou et al. 2014, Nature - "Structural basis of the alternating-access mechanism in a bile acid transporter" Lee et al 2013, Nature - "A two-domain elevator mechanism for sodium/proton antiport" Pedersen 2007, Nature - "Crystal structure of the plasma membrane proton pump" Shimamura et al. 2010, Science - "Molecular basis of alternating access membrane transport by the sodium-hydantoin transporter Mhp1" Hill et al. 2021, Nature - "PIEZO1 transduces mechanical itch in mice" Krishnamurthy and Gouaux 2012, Nature - "X-ray structures of LeuT in substrate-free outward-open and apo inward-open states" David Julius Nobel Lecture (nobelprize.org) Nikaido 2003, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev - "Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited" Dvorak et al. 1996, J Leukoc Biol - "The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO): a distinct endothelial cell structure that provides a transcellular pathway for macromolecular extravasation" Fischbarg 2010, Physiol Rev - "Fluid transport across leaky epithelia: central role of the tight junction and supporting role of aquaporins" Revision April 2024

Tempelaars et al 2011, Appl Environ Microbiol - "Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activities of valinomycin and cereulide, the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin"

Ashcroft et al 2009, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci - "Introduction. The blurred boundary between channels and transporters"

Karlish et al. 2008, Weizmann Institute of Science - "The sodium-potassium pump: structure, function, regulation and pharmacology" (Direct link)

Kanai et al. 2014, Nature - "Crystal structure of a Na+-bound Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase preceding the E1P state"

Nyblom et al. 2013, Science - "Crystal structure of Na⁺, K⁽⁺⁾-ATPase in the Na⁽⁺⁾-bound state"

Morth et al. 2007, Nature - "Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump"

Zhou et al. 2014, Nature - "Structural basis of the alternating-access mechanism in a bile acid transporter"

Lee et al 2013, Nature - "A two-domain elevator mechanism for sodium/proton antiport"

Pedersen 2007, Nature - "Crystal structure of the plasma membrane proton pump"

Shimamura et al. 2010, Science - "Molecular basis of alternating access membrane transport by the sodium-hydantoin transporter Mhp1"

Hill et al. 2021, Nature - "PIEZO1 transduces mechanical itch in mice"

Krishnamurthy and Gouaux 2012, Nature - "X-ray structures of LeuT in substrate-free outward-open and apo inward-open states"

David Julius Nobel Lecture (nobelprize.org)

Nikaido 2003, Microbiol Mol Biol Rev - "Molecular basis of bacterial outer membrane permeability revisited"

Dvorak et al. 1996, J Leukoc Biol - "The vesiculo-vacuolar organelle (VVO): a distinct endothelial cell structure that provides a transcellular pathway for macromolecular extravasation"

Fischbarg 2010, Physiol Rev - "Fluid transport across leaky epithelia: central role of the tight junction and supporting role of aquaporins"

Revision April 2024